The massacre has prompted a national reckoning about antisemitism and questions about whether the country’s leaders took seriously enough the threat to Australian Jews.

The Bondi shooting, and a deadly stabbing attack just last year, have left scores physically scarred and traumatised.

Israel’s Amichai Chikli said Australian officials overlooked rising antisemitism and extremist rhetoric ahead of the Bondi Beach Hanukkah attack, criticizing the focus on gun laws.

For Australia’s tiny Jewish population, Bondi Beach was a refuge within a vast country that offered sanctuary to families fleeing a seething hate that killed six million of their kind within the lifetime of some of their oldest members.

A man credited with saving lives for wrestling a gun from one of the alleged attackers during a mass shooting at Australia's Bondi Beach received a cheque for more than A$2.5 million ($1.65 million) on Friday,