Historically, Aruba benefited from population growth that expanded the labor force, thereby boosting productivity and ...

Croatia’s public spending efficiency in education and healthcare can be increased. Increased efficiency would free fiscal ...

Sea-level rise presents long-term risks in Aruba that can lead to sizable permanent costs with potentially large ...

After a period of sharp deceleration, inflation in Croatia has inched up since late 2024 to about 4–4½ percent year-on-year ...

This paper evaluates Armenia’s fiscal framework, focusing on fiscal rule design and implementation. Despite the 2018 reforms ...

Botswana faces growing fiscal challenges driven by declining diamond revenues, rigid expenditure, and weakened fiscal ...

While Botswana achieved strong post-independence growth supported by prudent macroeconomic management and diamond revenues, economic performance has weakened over the past two decades, with slower ...

Botswana faces mounting macroeconomic risks from intensifying climate trends and fiscal strain from electricity subsidies.

Why is the IMF concerned about money laundering and terrorism financing? The IMF is concerned about the consequences of money laundering, terrorism financing, and proliferation financing (providing ...

The paper discusses the introduction of a positive neutral countercyclical capital buffer (CCyB) for Albania. The building ...

Climate change is macro-critical to Andorra: with (mostly winter) tourism accounting for one third of its economy, Andorra is ...

Andorra has a large and distinct banking sector with a strong focus on private banking. Drawing comparisons with peer ...