Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is labor intensive and costly to manage. Owing to long-term survival rates and life-long monitoring and treatment, it is the most expensive cancer to manage in ...

White-light cystoscopy is the main method of detecting transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Flat carcinoma in situ (CIS) lesions can, however, be difficult to detect with this technique. Fradet ...

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