Accurate high-side current sensing is necessary in many applications, including motor control, solenoid control, and power management (for example, dc-to-dc converters and battery monitoring). In such ...

This article provides thermoelectric cooler (TEC) concepts that are necessary to understand before designing a higher power TEC. It explains key Peltier characteristics that limit their cooling ...

For a human, experiencing a fall unobserved can be doubly dangerous. The obvious possibility of initial injury may be further aggravated by the possible consequences if treatment is not obtained ...

UART, or universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter, is one of the most used device-to-device communication protocols. This article shows how to use UART as a hardware communication protocol by ...

A reconstruction filter is an important element for creating a clean, low jitter clock signal from a direct digital synthesizer (DDS). A reconstruction filter is used at the output of the DAC to ...

This application note provides design and manufacturing guidance in the use of the lead frame chip scale package (LFCSP). The LFCSP is compliant with JEDEC MO220 and MO229 outlines. The LFCSP is a ...

Many industries are calling for electronics that can operate reliably in harsh environments, including extremely high temperatures. Traditionally, engineers had to rely on active or passive cooling ...

Even with the widespread use of rail-to-rail single supply op amps, there is still often the requirement for dual rails (for example, ±15 V) to be generated from a single (positive) input power rail ...

Build a general-purpose pulse-width modulator using three op amps from a quad-op-amp device. The many applications for pulse-width modulation (PWM) include voltage regulation, power-level control, and ...

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electrical activity on the body surface generated by the heart. ECG measurement information is collected by skin electrodes placed at designated ...

Serial peripheral interface (SPI) is one of the most widely used interfaces between microcontroller and peripheral ICs such as sensors, ADCs, DACs, shift registers, SRAM, and others. This article ...