This study asked whether L2 learners' interaction with other learners can address three of their supposed needs for L2 learning-that is, their needs for L2 input modified toward comprehensibility, for ...

The major findings are: (a) Those engaged in output-input activities outperformed those exposed to the same input for the sole purpose of comprehension in learning gains; (b) those who received visual ...

Good news, AI developers! OpenAI has announced a substantial price cut on o3, its flagship reasoning large language model (LMM), slashing costs by a whopping 80% for both input and output tokens.