Stress is defined as the force per unit area. Thus, the formula for calculating stress is: Where σ denotes stress, F is load and A is the cross sectional area. The most commonly used units for stress ...

The offset shear strength is the shear stress endured by a material at the intersection of the shear stress versus the engineering shear strain curve, with a line parallel to a defined modulus and ...

Jointing is a basic function of engineering. For example, bolting two parts together can involve material properties and loading forces. Here, we will focus on preloading, shear and tear-out in a ...