Refined mapping tools that identify subsurface water ice on Mars will help determine the best targets for robotic and human missions to the planet. The fourth phase of NASA's Mars Subsurface Water Ice ...

Understanding subsurface temperature variations is crucial for assessing material degradation in underground structures. This study maps subsurface temperatures across the contiguous United States for ...

One of the challenges of sending human explorers to Mars is that, due to the logistics of the journey, they will have to be on the planet’s surface for considerably longer than the missions of a few ...