Nucleophilic substitution reactions remain a cornerstone of organic chemistry, offering a window into the fundamental aspects of reactivity and selectivity in molecular transformations. At the heart ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

At the air-water interface, a negatively charged amino acid carries out a nucleophile attack on a gas molecule to convert it into a product. The reaction rate is enhanced due to significant reduction ...

Making molecules with quaternary carbon bonds—four carbons attached to a central C—is tricky but necessary for medicinal chemists. Quaternary C bonds have a discrete shape, Princeton University ...