The gauge bosons of the standard model of particle physics are responsible for three of the four known forces in the universe, conveyed through the exchange of virtual bosons. In electromagnetism, the ...

Physicists have long struggled with their goal of making gravity a quantum force. A radical post-quantum approach might solve ...

In 1980, Stephen Hawking gave his first lecture as Lucasian Professor at the University of Cambridge. The lecture was called "Is the end in sight for theoretical physics?" Forty-five years later, ...

Physicists have put a decades-old idea about why the strange rules of quantum mechanics disappear in our everyday world to ...

If you could take an apple and break it into smaller and smaller parts, you would find molecules, then atoms, followed by subatomic particles like protons and the quarks and gluons that make them up.

Canonical gravity reformulates general relativity in Hamiltonian form, identifying canonical coordinates and conjugate momenta that obey first‐class constraints enforcing diffeomorphism invariance.

Large masses – such as a galaxy – curve space-time. Objects move along a geodesic. If we take into account that space-time itself has quantum properties, deviations arise (dashed line vs. solid line).

Researchers suggest that unambiguous signals of quantum gravity could appear in future tabletop experiments with gravitationally interacting objects. Is gravity quantum or classical? This fundamental ...