When evaluating policy treatments that are persistent and endogenous, available instrumental variables often exhibit more variation over time than the treatment variable. This leads to a weak ...

The association between lower birth weight and childhood asthma is well established. However, it remains unclear whether the influence of lower birth weight on asthma can persist into adulthood. We ...

The extent to which depression and obesity are causally related remains to be determined. We used intergenerational data on mother–offspring pairs in an instrumental variable analysis to examine the ...