A previous article on jitter (Synch and clock recovery – an analog guru looks at jitter) defined jitter and its various sub-components. The purpose of this note is to answer the question, “So now that ...

FEC (forward error correction), a critical component of many modern digital-communications applications, turns otherwise-unusable links into real and practical ...

Error probability analysis quantifies the likelihood that transmitted information symbols are misinterpreted at the receiver, forming the bedrock of performance ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. The bit error ratio (BER) is defined as the probability that a bit is received in ...